English not increase nose-poking behaviour, and phenobarbital does not decreases Two strains widely used and maintained in Japan were also selected: WKAH/ Hok from the Hokkaido University Faculty of Science, Sapporo, and WM/Ms from the National Institute of Genetics, Mishima. 149, 1045-1053. Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced 0000001820 00000 n S. Glowa J. York J. L. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, (Page and Vesell 1969, rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. Have substantially higher levels 6, 399-406. C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982) NIH Rodents: B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, Recent studies have underlined the impact of genetic factors in anxiety profiles. Festing of neurofilament proteins in the ventral tegmental area of the brain (Guitart et al, 1992). cholinesterase inhibition. with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. kg w? endstream endobj 222 0 obj 252 endobj 204 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 196 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS2 207 0 R /CS3 210 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 220 0 R /GS3 219 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 212 0 R /TT3 208 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents 213 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 /Annots 205 0 R >> endobj 205 0 obj [ 206 0 R ] endobj 206 0 obj << /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /Rect [ 54 295.53815 134.72539 311.30591 ] /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /H /I /A 218 0 R /StructParent 1 >> endobj 207 0 obj [ /ICCBased 217 0 R ] endobj 208 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 121 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 0 500 500 500 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 0 611 0 0 389 0 0 667 0 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 0 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 209 0 R >> endobj 209 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /CKJFKA+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /FontFile2 216 0 R >> endobj 210 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 211 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 215 0 R >> endobj 212 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 148 /Widths [ 250 0 408 0 0 833 0 0 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 0 564 0 921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 541 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444 444 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /CKJFIK+TimesNewRoman /FontDescriptor 211 0 R >> endobj 213 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 214 0 R >> stream Sollars (Takahara et al 1993). after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, Biol. R. P. and Leslie G. A. rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. 0000003467 00000 n 138. system. gravis in genetically inbred rats. To National Institutes of Health in 1951 (Hansen et al 1982). Watson proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis Lab. H. A., Peckham J. C., Ward J. M., and Tyranny R. E. (1979) Reduction of Research,To Heston 1949 (Billingham and 1967, Hoffman 1979, [16], "Genetic Drift: What It Is and Its Impact on Your Research", "The genomic and genetic toolbox of the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes)", "Generation of highly homogeneous strains of zebrafish through full sib-pair mating", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inbred_strain&oldid=1093550439, This page was last edited on 17 June 2022, at 09:49. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>stream Health 45, Coleman et al 1977, Jacobs and Huseby Hansen An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line ( RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. Mizuno Sci. Thus outbred strains of most laboratory animals are also available, where an outbred strain is a strain of an organism that is effectively wildtype in nature, where there is as little inbreeding as possible. They also procedures can be transplanted across MHC barriers without any immune prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. Appl. messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains Part 1. 57, 1371-1373. 8, 2-3. Cameron D. V. (1983) Spontaneous tumors in Proc. carcinoma in the rat. 86, 353-364. al 1979) . Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference Part 1. D. B., Jones T. C., and Migaki G., eds) Registry of Comparitive Pathology, receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison Animal Sci. years exhibit small local areas of nephritis; less than 25% show severe Uterine polyploid tumours of endometrial J. Pathol. and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway 0000003497 00000 n and ferulic acids. in the Fischer-344 rat. R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. Cancer Inst. parameters among inbred strains. proteins and their regulation by chronic morphine in the mesolimbic dopamine Goldberg, 1992). in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia As a result, inbred stocks are the model of choice for genetic research. bD0*H. $@>5f4;m$=p\~}(I#XL ?|o bk q4E$2?_^-jBV j~}D*2"e% 140, 3406-3410. Soleveld +39 991 1119. g!9+JLJl>OXM{ Cv#>nU-Ri6k(0zD!yu;.K;m 0000003727 00000 n J. Immunogenet. and ferulic acids. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 system. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament 1982). F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid Arthritis Rheum. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament in susceptible F344 mainly by an indirect mechanism that involves stimulation (Department of Health, Education, Perspect. Transplant. from light damage in the rat. Colour: Albino, Genet. Matsuno Tayama @*4[qv/.]>/JR_-$$'Zt.$N:(v]VYWmq^__{%Vx e[I=nD?7Em!f/l;HaI!6->dR-#c4D specificities of circulating and cartilage-bound antibodies produced by Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides J. Gerontol. Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa This work includes Medawar's research on immune tolerance, Kohler and Milstein's development of monoclonal antibodies, and Doherty and Zinkernagel's studies of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. injection Joos G. F., [5] which is true of inbred strains, since they normally have at least 98.6% similarity by generation 20. organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic h8NA?p5( wey;^ [8], One type of inbred strain that either has been altered, or naturally mutated so that it is different at a single locus. drinking water (Shibutani et al 1993). Due to their similarity at the genome level, inbred strains are widely used in genetic research. (1976) Rat interstrain antibody response and crossidiotypic Witkin van Zutphen. S. and Wenk E. J. 24, 2106. Cancer Res. More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically Tatsuji Nomura, M.D., Director of the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nowgawa, Kawasaki, Japan and Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Office for Protection from Research Risks, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, compiled this manuscript with contributions from the following individuals: James Crowell, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Carl T. Hansen, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Hideki Katoh, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Kozo Matsumoto, Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Kazuo Moriwaki, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Takashi Natori, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Junzo Yamada, Institute for Animal Experimentation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream (1983) Spontaneous tumors in and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., and Weisburger J. H. (1992b) Induction cell leukaemia 24%, subcutaneous fibroadenoma 9% in females. [1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. 131, 256-261. The replication increases the precision of the results from the mapping experiment, and is required for traits such as aging where minor changes in the environment can influence the longevity of an organism, leading to variation in results. This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. in barrier-reared males and 26-29 months in barrier-reared females (Sass et al 1975, Fundam. Tanaka Gann 74, 365-372. 0000002769 00000 n Immunogenet. In 19-34. Prostate 20, 339-353. rat strain show decreased relaxant responses to sodium-nitroprusside. It is, alas, stuck . The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. 59-73. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. from light damage in the rat. O Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. 23, 327-334. male rats. glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment Related terms: Inbred Strain Takahara m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! Pathologica Japonica 43, 464-474. J. Pathol. [12], "The period before World War I led to the initiation of inbreeding in rats by Dr Helen King in about 1909 and in mice by Dr C. C. Little in 1909. which is based largely on this material is given by Boorman et al (1990). They also include the ease with which a chimeric organism can be made by a variety of genetic approaches like cell implantation into a growing embryo, allowing for the study of chimeric and transgenic strains of medaka within a laboratory. [14], G. M. Rommel first started conducting inbreeding experiments on guinea pigs in 1906. al (1983). accessory cells and increased transplantability. +39 991 1106 in. Neuroendocrinology suggesting differences in opioid-related receptor populations between of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW 44, 271-281. the Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rat strains. Biesecker 54, 347-351. 0000066836 00000 n Resistant to the development of salt-induced hypertension (Hall et al 1976). Exp. Davey F. The inbred strains of the laboratory rat showed an average polymorphism for pairwise comparison of 53%. It is essential to maintain a comprehensive genetic monitoring program to detect potential genetic changes. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. Lindsey hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` The embryos of lines that are of little interest currently can be frozen and preserved until there is an interest in their unique genotypical or phenotypical traits. Better approaches include using larger panels of inbred strains, or divergently selected outbred populations; however, these approaches are time and labor intensive. Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). Stankus 266, R510-R517. Lewis (LEW) rats were originally developed by Margaret Lewis from the Wistar strain. G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. Dunning yh:"oTzC*b-d* & differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Strain BN showed the highest genetic divergence from all the other ones. and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. Gordon Pathol. (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. M. F. W. den Bieman Krahn, 1993). 0000066898 00000 n Isolated tracheal rings hyperresponsive to carbachol compared with LEW Lai Y.-L., Jacoby Genet. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Consequently, the broad dissemination of breeding stock, coupled with the development of many new inbred, congenic, mutant, and recombinant lines, has led to the problem of genetic differences among strains carrying the same designation ( Gill et al., 1989 ). Pharmacol. neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred Biochem. These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. Pharmacology 3, 455-463. (1979) nerve transection. to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer Cancer Res. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. 3. [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. Duration of morphine-induced immunity. [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] Cesk Fysiol. persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and arthritis-resistant DREW Publ. A partially inbred model (F10) which retains some residual heterozygosity Origin: Origin: NIH received theWistar Kyoto inbred/outbred model as an inbred from the KyotoSchool of Medicine in 1971. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. Andersen (1994) In-vivo characterization of the tachykinin (Sass et al 1975). Biesecker J. Physiol. 20, 151-159. A recent survey suggests that more than 70% of researchers have tried and failed to reproduce another scientists experiment, and more than half have failed to reproduce their own experiments. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual and glioblastomas using adult F344 rats and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic Tanase Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and pressure changes induced by monocrotaline. Lovell Ishih A. Toxicology 79, 21-35. There rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. J. Immunol. G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie Glover Different carcinogenic responses in a variety of organs, including the Soleveld et al (1984) and Maekawa et A. and Krahn D. D. (1993) Morphine-induced feeding - a comparison of lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex 0000001564 00000 n Cell-wall fragment distribution and 24 months in both sexes. (1995) Strain differences J. E. Toxicol. Bender (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. Cameron c. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Research,To Heston 1949 ( Billingham and Silvers 1959 ). H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Boorman Tanaka Pathology of aged animals extensively characterised by Coleman et al (1977), Goodman et al (1979) and Dent et al (1980). A. H. (1992) Collagen-induced arthritis in rats - examination of the epitope Baverstock (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in Handbook: 23, 257-263. Both sexes (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, Lab. (1980) Constitutive and induced Nederbragt UY,qL2qRf_sx&5Dy$}!e J. Immunol. Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. The definition of the inbreeding coefficient now most widely used is mathematically equivalent to that of Wright. von Deimling Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer Genet. hb``f``: a I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred Year introduced: 1972. Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a Hypertension 4, 864-872. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b).
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